Prosthetic or arthroplasty surgery involves replacing a damaged and painful joint with an artificial joint.

The most common cause of joint pain and deformity is osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage to a greater or lesser degree) but it can also occur in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, in other processes such as avascular necrosis (lack of blood supply to bone) congenital problems such as dysplasia or sequelae of Perthes disease , or also after trauma, either acutely or by post-traumatic degeneration.

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